"The abnegation of reason is not the evidence of faith, but the confession of despair."

- J.B. Lightfoot
Calling All Credo-Baptists

A young couple I know are dating seriously and are beginning to debate the topic of Baptism. The young man is a long time credo-baptist (believer's baptism) while the young lady is beginning to lean paedo-baptist (infant baptism).

I sent the young man (I'll call him "Frank" and the young lady I'll call "Lilly") a few quick thoughts on the subject, responding to an email he sent me. Here's what I wrote:

Frank,

My caution on the [2 Timothy 3:16-17 passage] is that that same argument could be used against a lot of things. Some churches have, for instance, argued that instruments are not to be used in a worship service because the New Testament never records the usage of instruments. That kind of thing - it's kind of an argument from silence.

In other words, the 2 Timothy verse doesn't so much say anything bad about extra-biblical practices as it says something GOOD about the Bible. Regarding Matthew 15:9 - that is a good warning and infant baptisms *may* fall into that, but again you get into the argument about whether it's a command of men or not.

For reference, the source of the command for Baptism (one source at least) is Matthew 28:19-20 "Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you. And behold, I am with you always, to the end of the age.” Note that in this passage, Baptism seems very tied to discipleship and belief.

A better argument than the 2 Timothy passage might be that the baptisms portrayed in the New Testament are all believer's baptism (i.e., the people being baptised are believers/able to understand the Gospel). I did a quick search - here are some passages that describe this: Acts 2:41, Acts 8:12-13, Acts 8:36-38, Acts 18:8 (note: all of these are in Acts, since it describes the early church, and - hence - lots of baptisms). In addition, baptism is described as a process of immersion, rather than sprinkling.

There are some passages that can be confusing, though - for instance, Acts 16:31-33 describes the Philippian jailer being baptized, "and all his household". We don't know if his household included little children. In those days (and this sounds strange to our ears) if the head of a house adopted Christianity, the whole house would.

I will look for some better resources for you. One thing to keep in mind (and this is only something I've realized in the last few years): there are plenty of devout, Jesus-loving, God-honoring Christians who believe in infant-baptism. And they have some good reasons for believing in that (I happen to disagree, but still they are good reasons). A number of people who, for instance, comment on Thinklings are what are called "paedo-baptist", meaning they believe in infant baptism, rather than "credo-baptist", meaning that they believe in believer's baptism. I can't say that I understand their position, but I do respect those beliefs. It is, though, an important thing to get straight between a couple. Let me put it this way: if you were to marry Lilly, have you talked about what church you would attend? This topic will have implications for that. All Baptist churches and many non-denom or evangelical churches will practice believer's baptism by immersion - so if you go to one of those, there you go. Many other denoms (mainstream denoms, Presbyterian, etc) practice infant baptism. Do you guys attend a church together now? How does it do it?

From my point of view, this is not so much something that should be argued or debated about as it is something that should be prayerfully considered together as a couple.

I'll try to get back to you with more info soon.
I realize we have a friendly mix of Paedo and Credo in this space. But I am interested in improving on my, admittedly quickly-scribed and somewhat weak argument above. Any help would be appreciated.

[Bill digs in and puts on his Kevlar undershorts, prepping for an imminent Paedo barrage]

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Comments on "Calling All Credo-Baptists":
1. Weekend Fisher - 07/25/2009 7:33 pm CDT

Hi there

I'd love to comment on the specific thing you were asking -- the "quickly-scribed" argument -- but you weren't very argumentative so I couldn't figure out which part was the quickly-scribed argument in question.

I've never really understood the antagonism that credo-baptists (or anti-pedobaptists, as some would say) have for those of us who baptize children. I've never understood on what basis all the hatred and accusations, y'know.

Take care & God bless
WF

2. Paul Wilkinson - 07/25/2009 9:55 pm CDT

Somewhere between the "believer's baptism" of the early church and the "baptize the child as rapidly as possible" Roman Catholic doctrine, something got skewed in our understanding.

But that's just my opinion. I'm not even sure that it's the main issue in this discussion. Shouldn't the key question here be whether or not a couple of committed Christians can continue in their relationship believing differently on this subject. (I know lots of couples who disagree on all kinds of doctrinal matters.)

For a dating couple, is baptism a deal-breaker or can they get past personal differences?

3. Bill - 07/25/2009 10:38 pm CDT

Paul,

"For a dating couple, is baptism a deal-breaker or can they get past personal differences?"

I don't think this is a deal-breaker (and I didn't mean to imply that). But I do think it's something to be worked out before marriage (and definitely before kids). Wouldn't you agree?

Not an essential, but still an area where unity is probably the best course.

Weekend Fisher:

"I've never understood on what basis all the hatred and accusations, y'know."


It is my fervent hope that this thread won't contain either of those. Let me know if something I said offended you. It was certainly not intended. Thanks.

4. Bill - 07/25/2009 10:44 pm CDT

Now that I think of it, the only Credos in this blog are Phil and Blo. Being nought but an ethereal zephyr, Blo probably won't respond. So I'm counting on ya, Phil.

Jared is "Paedo-curious", I think. I remember when he was "Calvin-curious" and "Amil-curious" too; it generally just means it's only a matter of time. And Bird gave me the Children of the Promise book a couple of Moots ago, so I'll find no help there.

Also - WF, in re-reading your comment I think I also was less than clear in the word "argument". I didn't mean it as in a hotly-contested debate, but rather in the drier "this is the argument I would use to support my position" type of usage. And the entire quoted section in my post represents my argument, and, as I suspected, it's so weak as to be unrecognizable :-)

5. Bill - 07/25/2009 10:44 pm CDT

Maybe Mrs. Blo will comment. I know she reads Thinklings . . .

6. Milly - 07/25/2009 11:20 pm CDT

I can only tell you what I did in this situation.
I married a Catholic man. He wasn’t attending a church I was going to a C of C and kept going. After my son was born his parents wanted my child sprinkled. We both agreed and flew to PA. I didn’t participate in the ceremony. The priest was very nice about me not being a part of it. We did the same for my daughter. We did it out of respect for his parents. When my minister uncle was asked about it he responded with “What’s it gonna hurt?”

I want my children to get all the way in the water, when they are ready.
I will say that going to church together won’t hold a relationship together but it will help. Keeping God in the relationship will hold them together.

7. Sherry Early - 07/25/2009 11:56 pm CDT

It seems to me that what you believe about baptism has a lot to do with what you believe about he process of salvation and sanctification. Those who believe in infant baptism believe that in some way the infant becomes "part of the church" of Jesus Christ when he is baptized. Credo-baptists believe that a person becomes a part of the church when he or she believes the gospel and then is baptized.

So, the couple you are counseling need to talk about WHY they tend to believe whatever it is they believe about baptism. How does a person "get saved"? And what is the meaning of baptism?

8. Shrode - 07/26/2009 8:00 am CDT

It's gonna be a few more days before I can comment adequately. Sorry. :(

But I will say that in THIS situation, I think the last part of your email to this person is right on. More important than them agreeing on every little thing, is that they agree on the majors, and that they attend church together, and raise the children together.

They need to work that out now. Would the pedo be comfortable attending and raising the kids in a credo church? What about vice versa.

That's a premarital counseling issue with a pastor in my opinion.

As far as argument for credo...from me, that'll have to wait. :)

9. nhe - 07/26/2009 8:09 am CDT

Sherry, I'm on the paedo side and my beliefs there are related to my thoughts on salvation, but not as you say.

In my tradition, baptized infants are "covenant children", simply meaning they are raised in the nurture and discipline of the Lord, and the whole congregation agrees to take on this responsibility. However, those babies' salvation status has nothing to do with being sprinkled - that's a separate issue.

All 3 of our children were baptized as babies in the PCA. Our PCA church folded (sadly) several years ago. Since then, we've been going to a "Seeker" church that holds to believer baptism. All 3 of our kids have also chosen to baptized (dunked) as teenagers. I've got no problem with that. It was their decision, and it was a cool public proclamation of their faith.

My wife and I have always differed on this issue, but I supposed our kids covered all the bases for us.

My wife's parents (dyed in the wool SBC) would not come to our childrens infant baptisms - they thought we were really screwing up our kids, and they were ticked at me.

Since then, they have softened (seeing the kids make their own decisions to be baptized obviously helped) and apologized to us for not coming.

Needless to say, its an interesting topic in our house.

10. Bird - 07/26/2009 11:12 am CDT

I'm a credo, but I have sympathies for the paedo position. (If you have a copy of Calvin's "Institutes," he gives the common defense of paedo in there, but there are plenty of modern paedo apologetic resources.)

11. Bill - 07/26/2009 1:53 pm CDT

If you have a copy of Calvin's "Institutes," he gives the common defense of paedo in there, but there are plenty of modern paedo apologetic resources.

Thanks Bird. But I think everyone's losing sight of the fact that I'm asking for defenses of the credo position.

:gsmile:

12. Bird - 07/26/2009 7:57 pm CDT

:gwah:

13. Weekend Fisher - 07/27/2009 7:33 am CDT

Hi there

I didn't take offense at anything you've said, I've just seen enough high-heated polemics that I wanted to mention -- I've never understood them, not in the least, and even if they're not voiced by some anti-pedobaptists, they do seem to be the subtext sometimes.

So to sum up, your main point isn't one way or another on the debate but that the couple should have hashed through what they're going to do before the subject comes up?

Take care & God bless
Anne / WF

14. Bob Sacamento - 07/27/2009 8:44 am CDT

In addition, baptism is described as a process of immersion, rather than sprinkling.

Actually, unless you're just going on the literal meaning of the original word for baptism, it is never described at all in the New Testament. People go to rivers for it alot in the NT, but it never says that they actually get dunked. The earliest picture we have of a Christian baptism shows the convert being neither dunked nor sprinkled, but having water poured over his head out of a some kind of jar.

From my point of view, this is not so much something that should be argued or debated about as it is something that should be prayerfully considered together as a couple.

These kids should just break up. These things never get resolved. Just kidding. :) Sort of. :(

For the record, I lean toward credo, and that's the way I would do my kids. But I was baptized as an infant, and since it seems like "it took", I really bristle at my Baptist friends who tell me I need to get baptized for real.

15. nhe - 07/27/2009 8:50 am CDT

For the record, I lean toward credo, and that's the way I would do my kids. But I was baptized as an infant, and since it seems like "it took", I really bristle at my Baptist friends who tell me I need to get baptized for real.

If you lean toward credo, aren't you disobeying a command?

16. Karl - 07/27/2009 9:38 am CDT

For the most part, I agree with this by Bill: "I do think it's something to be worked out before marriage (and definitely before kids)."

But views change, too. Say you had it "worked out" before marriage but by the time you have your first child 7 years later, one of you has become convinced otherwise? That was the case with my wife and me. So the second part of Bill's statement quoted above is really the key - at some point you'll have a kid and willl have to decide, and it's better to have thought it out before then rather than make a rushed decision fraught with the pressure of time creating or exacerbating already intense emotions.

I grew up credo and was baptized as a young teen, but now lean (and practiced w/ my 3 kids) paedo, but am open to either, really. One piece that I read made an interesting observation. The point it made was something along the lines of:

Most (all?) Christian traditions hold that entry into the life of the church consists of instruction in the faith, owning the faith for oneself, and baptism. Credo wants to see those take place in the order listed above. Paedo sees the ideal order as being baptism-instruction-owning (marked by confirmation in some churches, after which one can participate in communion).

To those who objected to our paedo practice as being something that would turn the "owning/personal decision" into a mere expected ritual for the kids to go through at confirmation time regardless of the true state of their heart, I observed that in the credo context I grew up in, the same was true. If a church kid made it well into middle school and hadn't yet made a public profession of faith and been dunked, the social and familial pressure to do so grew exponentially. In reality, the process for many in that context was just as much a matter of complying with the expected outward form, as it is in any paedo liturgical church where at around age 12 the previously-baptized kids all go through confirmation.

This post may sound like an argument for paedo, because that's where we came down in the end. But really it's more of an argument that "While it's true that you and your spouse will have to make a decision, I don't think it matters nearly as much as many Christians seem to think it does. So take it seriously and prayerfully, but don't get too worked up about it." I know and have known wonderful Christians on both "sides" of this issue.

17. Bob Sacamento - 07/27/2009 10:01 am CDT

If you lean toward credo, aren't you disobeying a command?


Sorry, nhe. Not sure what you mean here. Probably because I didn't get alot of sleep last night. Will try to answer if you want to explain further. Thanks.

18. Bob Sacamento - 07/27/2009 10:02 am CDT

But views change, too. Say you had it "worked out" before marriage but by the time you have your first child 7 years later, one of you has become convinced otherwise?

Boy howdy, I know what that's like.

19. nhe - 07/27/2009 10:40 am CDT

Bob.........I mean simply that most who hold to believer baptism would say that being baptized as a believer is a command (though not conditional for salvation, save for a few COC folks).......and that one is in sin if they do not obey that command. I'm a paedo guy though - do I have the correct understanding about the command?

20. Scott - 07/27/2009 12:11 pm CDT

My wife and I were "credo" when we got married and are now "paedo", so yeah you should work it out, but yeah things might change. As in all other things keep the lines of communication open.

21. Enkurio - 07/27/2009 12:23 pm CDT

Credo here...

I've always been taught that the word Baptism is a transliteration of the Greek term as opposed to a translation. In other words, us English folk created a new word for the greek word "baptizo" - baptism. The Greek root of baptizo is "bapto" which means "to dip". IMHO, if the early translators were "forced" to translate as opposed to transliterating (not sure if that is a word) "baptizo", it would have come out as immerse or dip, which would have provided a bit of clarity in the process.

Since immersing infants would be bad, I heavily lean towards believers baptism.

Church's that believe in believers baptism usually have a baby dedication ceremony (approximately ages 0-3) that, in my opinion, captures the heart of what many Paedo-baptists "like" about what the ceremony brings about - dedicating the child in being reared in the Lord by not only the parents but the congregation as well.

22. Bob Sacamento - 07/27/2009 12:31 pm CDT

Bob.........I mean simply that most who hold to believer baptism would say ...

OK, I see your point now. I guess my credo-baptist reasoning is a bit atypical. I lean toward it because

1) I see the weight of scripture pointing in that direction.
2) Though I completely understand Karl's point (#16), it seems best to me in most cases if baptism is (at least in part) an opportunity for a believer to make a public expression of their faith.

But on the other hand
1) I don't see a water-tight case against paedo-baptism in scripture and
2) Even though I see credo-baptism as the more "sure" path, I see plenty of good Christians out there who were baptised as infants, including myself. (Except that I'm not really what you would call a "good" Chirstian, but that's another story.) and
3) I admit it. After all these (too) many years, I still don't really know what the purpose of baptism is anyway. (I reject doctrines of baptismal regeneration.) I just know we're supposed to do it. So what the heck, is my attitude toward what any other well meaning Christian wants to do with their kids.

23. Enkurio - 07/27/2009 12:37 pm CDT

Moreover, the Greek word for sprinkle is "rantizo" and this word is actually used in the N.T. in Hebrews and 1 Peter. With Luke being a doctor and all, I'm sure his vocabulary would have included this word, but he never used it within the book of Acts or Luke.

Also, since I see baptism as a public confession of one's faith in Christ and it being a picture that our old life has been buried, being raised with Christ in newness of life - immersion is really the only logical choice.

Just to deflate my apparent radical stance on baptism though, I would not die for this theology. I have a pretty strong stance but if I were to apologize to you in heaven for not being correct, it wouldn't break my heart :-)

24. nhe - 07/27/2009 1:00 pm CDT

Enkurio, you actually highlight the reasons why I don't lean to the credo side. The whole notion of "one must be dunked to really be baptized" seems to run counter to the lack of rigid rules for Christian ritual and practice in the NT.

The other key Christian rite in the NT - Communion - has no such specifics in its explanation. Just come together and break some bread and drink some wine and remember me (well, ok, not that casual, but you get the point).


Anytime someone tells me the NT says "do it THIS way" (other than when Jesus tells us how to pray) it doesn't seem (IMO) to jive with the rest of the NT.

25. Enkurio - 07/27/2009 2:22 pm CDT

nhe, I'm not ready to bet my life on this theology one way or the other, so I wouldn't say "do it THIS way". But what I am saying is that I favor credo. That's all.


26. Enkurio - 07/27/2009 2:36 pm CDT

If you lean toward credo, aren't you disobeying a command?

Isn't the "focus" of the great commision "go and make disciples". Furthermore, doesn't it state after that phrase: "baptizing them...". Who is them? It would be disciples, correct? Since a disciple is a follower of Jesus wouldn't that lean more toward believer's baptism?

27. nhe - 07/27/2009 2:45 pm CDT

Enkurio, that's clear - it is a command. The debate in this thread is how and when it is administered.

In the case of "making disciples and baptizing" - I take that to mean baptize the ones that have not already been baptized in the name of F/S/HS ......so you're saying some need to be double-doused/dipped?

I don't see a case for that, but like most here, it is a minor issue for me.

28. Manders - 07/27/2009 7:33 pm CDT

Enkurio: I think there are actually some Eastern Orthodox denominations that baptize infants by immersion (not very long, and very carefully--I mean, they've been doing that for centuries, so I think they have the technique down, heh).

29. Jill - 07/27/2009 10:04 pm CDT

Peter Matthews did a great podcast explaining the paedo view. It is here.

30. Enkurio - 07/27/2009 10:08 pm CDT

Eastern Orthodox denominations that baptize infants by immersion

Yes, I just researched that. Reminds me of parents who teach their infants how to swim - they blow on their face, which causes the infant to hold their breath and then dunk them under the water. I can only imagine the same technique is used immersing an infant in a baptism ceremony.



31. Enkurio - 07/27/2009 10:16 pm CDT

I can see that this argument is so deeply rooted in one's theological framework. I read this article and found this quote:

Christians disagree about infant baptism because they disagree about the nature of faith, the role of baptism, the means of salvation, the nature of grace, and the function of the sacraments. Pedobaptism and credobaptism are positions which bubble up from theological views at a more fundamental level of one's theological system.

So in order for me to convert someone from pedo to credo, I must also change one's theological views. A tall order within blog comments :-)

Nice article. Explains both sides of the argument.

32. salguod - 07/28/2009 12:06 pm CDT

I've only got 15 minutes of my lunch left and I have SO many things I could say on the subject. Prepare for some drive-by commenting, w/o links. :-P

I'm COC, ICOC specifically. I'm tempted to throw out a ton of disclaimers about not being associated with this or that COC/ICOC practice or dogmatically stated opinion. Suffice to say that I differ from much of what you'll find by Googling.

I do, however, strongly believe in baptism by believers for remission of sins. Why? The scriptures support it (Acts 2:42, Romans 6:1-10, 1 Peter 3) and the early church taught it(see the writings of the early church fathers adn the Nicene creed). Does that mean you have to do it in a certain order and in a certain way? I dunno, that's for God to say (I did not always hold that opinion). Baptizo does mean to immerse, and the anecdotal scriptural evidence supports immersions (meaning of the word and the statement that they "went down into the water" at some point), so I believe that's the way it was and should be done.

However, God never laid out in scripture a specific process or practice. I think the evidence is strong, but not all see it that way. He may very well honor sprinkling (I'm frankly confident that He does), maybe even infant sprinkling, dependent on the faith of the individual later in life.

I find baptism an amazing and powerful thing and that many Christians seem to miss the majesty in it. Romans 6 is my favorite passage in this regard. Stop and contemplate what Paul says takes place in baptism. We die and are buried with Jesus, and resurrected as he was. To me, the symbolism of a burial and resurrection aligns with dipped under the water and raised again out of it.

It gives me goose bumps to think about what happens during baptism.

To risk opening up another can of worms, my understanding of the origins of infant baptism is that it started to be widespread in the 400s when many infants were dying in the plagues. The doctrine of baptismal regeneration was still widely held but the doctrine of original sin, in that we are born damned, was gaining prominence. That meant that a baby that dies was doomed to hell because they hadn't grown up to be baptized. So, the church started baptizing infants.

It's a twisting,(in my view)of doctrines that lead to an erroneous conclusion. Regardless of your belief in original sin, baptism alone does not save. 1 Peter 3 says that. It's part of a process that originates in faith in Jesus. It simply takes our faith and connects us to Jesus' death and resurrection. So, baptizing an infant doesn't make sense to me because they have no faith to make it meaning full.

I'm out of time, I'll stop by later to see what kind of trouble I've stirred up. :-P

33. nhe - 07/28/2009 12:42 pm CDT

Salguod....in your opinion, if a professing Christian goes (say for example) decades as a professing Christian but is never baptized in any way, shape, or form (paedo or credo)........where does he/she spend eternity?

34. Milly - 07/28/2009 9:48 pm CDT

nhe,

My dad asked me that very question.
I told him that I believed that Jesus died to take away our sins and he will do just that. I told him that I thought he should but that he needed to read it and decide for himself. I don’t think that God will close the gates because you didn’t but I do think it should be done when called to do it. After heart surgery he took the plunge.

I’m thinking about doing it again. Some will criticize that idea but it’s between us and God.
I asked a Catholic priest to explain why a sprinkle. He told me that they believe it was best to immerse. I asked him why not do it then. He had no idea except tradition. Yep that was the guy who sprinkled my kids. I want them to go to the river when God tells them it’s time. That being said I think that my in-laws will be welcomed in heaven catholic and sprinkled.

35. salguod - 07/28/2009 10:34 pm CDT

nhe - I you had asked me that question a few years ago, I would have answered that they would not be saved. Forgiveness happens at baptism, they hadn't been baptized, so sorry. I don't make the rules (I'd say), God does, and he said forgiveness happens at baptism.

Many of my COC brothers and sisters will still say just that.

What I've learned since the is that while I stand by my convictions on what Baptism is, what I once missed (and what many in my tribe still miss) is that baptism is not a litmus test of one's salvation. In fact, God has told us that we will be known as his by our love, not by our baptism. In one parable, Jesus even cautions (paraphrasing here) us not to try to pick out the weeds from the wheat, that he would do it at the right time and we would likely leave some weeds and toss some wheat.

Also, scripture tells us there's a lot more to living our faith than baptism. Love, obedience, discipleship, faith, etc. One could argue that a lack in any one of these areas disqualifies us, but that's works based salvation, isn't it? We trust in Jesus not in our proper practice or understanding.

So, to answer your question, I guess I'd take the cop out answer and say it's not up to me, it's up to God. Does that mean that I wouldn't share my convictions on baptism with that person? No, but it is God who judges and He judges justly.

To perhaps answer more directly, I'm fully convinced that there will be many people who didn't have the 'right' understanding of baptism in heaven. Shoot, I might be one of them!

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