Sean Hannity didn't know last year, and neither did the rest of America, even though Jeremiah Wright tried to explain it.
What really bugs me about this clip is that Hannity never seems to listen. And he certainly doesn't answer Rev. Wright's question. Why didn't he just say, "No, I don't know what Liberation Theology is, and neither does the rest of America. Could you please explain it?" What a missed opportunity!
Now we're paying attention a year later because of some clips from his sermons show up on youtube and the news stations and commentators went nuts over Rev. Wright's "controversial" statements.
But how many of us really understand where his preaching and beliefs come from? He tried to tell us. So let's belatedly, give him a hearing. Let's do as he says and learn what Liberation Theology is, in order to better understand where he's coming from.
To understand Black Liberation Theology, you have to understand Liberation Theology.
Liberation Theology (One of my main sources was the "Evangelical Dictionary of Theology" by Walter Elwell)
It is more of a movement than a systematic theology. Since its origin in Latin America in the mid-20th century it has been applied to blacks, feminists, asians, hispanics and Native Americans.
It was born in Latin America, and what came from there is the origin and model for all versions of Liberation Theology. It was primarily articulated by a man named Gustavo Gutierrez. It was heavily influenced by Marxism, and some have even said that it is a Christianized form of Marxism.
After Vatican II in 1965, Latin American Roman Catholic leaders turned to Liberation theology. Latin American Liberation theologians say that their continent has been victimized by colonialism, imperialism and multinational corporations. They say that Latin America is dependent on economic decisions made in capitalist countries like the U.S. and the U.K. So to perpetuate this economic exploitation, liberation theologians argue that powerful capitalist countries, give military and economic support to certain political regimes supportive of the economic status quo. They read history in a certain way. They read their newspapers in a certain way.
Liberation Theology was originally Latin American and Roman Catholic. Their views were rooted in history and culture. They saw what we call orthodoxy as being too individualistic. What about Social Injustice? What about Poverty? These are the questions they asked. They see a message of salvation that doesn't also include economic, social, and physical salvation as incomplete.
Method- defined by Gutierez as “critical reflection on historical praxis” Liberation Theologians say that theology should be immersed in your own intellectual and sociopolitical history. To them, Theology is not a system of timeless truths, but a changing exercise in social analysis. So new theological truth comes out of a given historical situatuion.
Marxism had a heavy influence on Liberation Theology with its teachings of class warfare. History, and the world, and the Bible are viewed as the chronic struggle of the Opressor v. The Oppressed. And of course, God is on the side of the oppressed. So that's where theology should be.
Liberation theology turns to the Bible. They point to Scriptures that show God identifying with the poor. And so communion with God is equated with fighting for the poor, identifying with them and sharing their fate. God is identified with the suffering.
Based on Luke 4:16-21 – which is based on Isaiah 61:1.
16He went to Nazareth, where he had been brought up, and on the Sabbath day he went into the synagogue, as was his custom. And he stood up to read. 17The scroll of the prophet Isaiah was handed to him. Unrolling it, he found the place where it is written:
18"The Spirit of the Lord is on me,
because he has anointed me
to preach good news to the poor.
He has sent me to proclaim freedom for the prisoners
and recovery of sight for the blind,
to release the oppressed,
19to proclaim the year of the Lord's favor."
20Then he rolled up the scroll, gave it back to the attendant and sat down. The eyes of everyone in the synagogue were fastened on him, 21and he began by saying to them, "Today this scripture is fulfilled in your hearing."
This is Jesus announcing his ministry. Liberation Theologians see this as the foundational text of the whole Bible and their theology. These verses are the lense through which they read the rest of Scripture.
To them salvation means rescuing the poor. And sin is oppressing them.
So Liberation theologians teach that orthodox theology manipulates God in favor of Capitalistic social structure. What you and I call Orthodox Christianity, they call the religion of the oppressor designed to keep the oppressed down.
They emphasize God’s immanence over transecendence. To them God is worthless if he is not immersed in the fate of the oppressed. God is found in history. God is a crucified and suffering God who identifies with the poor.
The cross is primarily seen as the event in which God identifies with those who suffer and are "crucified" everyday.
So salvation is equated with the process of liberation from oppression and injustice.
Sin is defined in terms of man’s inhumanity to man.
Liberation theology equates loving your neighbor with loving God. They are virtually indistinguishable in liberation theology.
Israels’ liberation from Egypt is the prototypes for the contemporary struggle for liberation.
To the Liberation Theologian, Church and the world can’t be segregated.
Jesus’ death is not seen as a vicarious offering on behalf of mankind. Rather he exemplifies the suffering God experiences when anyone is oppressed.
As is typical in false teaching, they have some good points, but they go too far. Sin is real. And we need to be saved from it. They see only the oppressed as needing a savior. The Bible does not teach that the poor are the embodiment of God in today’s world. The Bible teaches that God is transcendent. And while he cares about the poor, that life with God does not only mean whether or not your poor. They seem to miss all of Jesus' emphasis on eternal life, on storing your treasures for the next life.
It politicizes the gospel. It is a social gospel. But it is not the Gospel.
For those of you who wonder how so many liberal churches can preach politics, there it is. To them religion is politics. Because Jesus came to save the oppressed now.
Later I'll show you how these ideas were applied to the Black experience in America, and resulted in something called "Black Liberation Theology".
Thank you for the analysis, Phil. Given this theological viewpoint, multiple accounts from the Bible pop into mind that might buttress their perspective such as the rich young ruler and Peter saying, "Silver and Gold I do not have, but what I do have I will give to you . . ."
I appreciate, too, the contrast you provided with what they teach and what the Bible professes. Still, from my POV, it seems that social causes "in the name of Christ" are becoming more of a norm in our society - even outside of liberation theology congregations. To what extent this socially-concious movement gibes with the Bible, I believe, remains in the heart of the individual believer.
Being involved with our church's student ministry I've paid attention to where many of our students end up after High School in their walk. More than a few have ended up in churches that have really shaped an attention towards social activism. Part of this phenomenon is the type of students who graduated from our ministry, but social causes such as Invisible Children, the Crisis in Darfur, and getting clean water to thrid-world areas are common causes espoused on Facebook and other social sites by our students away at school.
These students are neither liberation theology blacks, nor are they attending churches that seem to advocate a liberation theology, per se. There is a greater attention being paid, however, by this generation to social causes than past generations and I think many of them seem to attach the cause of Christ to their motives in these social activities.
Certainly, I believe that God would want us, as a nation and/or people, to help other peoples who are in need. Whether or not a Christian is serving Christ or their own selfish motives to appear giving or obtain friendships through like causes with others remains in the heart. I really appreciate the social causes I've mentioned, but getting someone clean water is not as important as getting them the water that will quench their eternal thirst.
I've found myself frustrated, at times, at students who more fervently support a cause than their walk with Christ. The problem, as I see it, is that they can attach their fight for such a cause to their walk with Christ. They seemingly make the two causes synonymous and view their fight for opressed people from afar as discipleship. Once again, feeding the hungry is good (What you do to the least of these . . .), but it is not more important than sharing the Bread of Life.
Perhaps I am looking at this poorly (IITPAIY?) and would appreciate any rebuke or correction, if necessary (in love, obviously).
I look forward to the next post.