"One of the most important hermeneutical constraints one should adopt in order to avoid such reductionism is this: Permit the various attributes and characteristics of God to function in your theology only in the ways in which they function in Scripture; never permit them to function in your theology in such a way that the primary data, the data of Scripture, are contradicted. Thus one must not infer fatalism from the sweeping biblical data about God's sovereignty; one must not infer that God is finite from the constant biblical portrayal of God personally interacting with finite persons. From God's knowledge and sovereignty we must not justify prayerlessness; from the exhortations to pray and not give up, we must not suppose God is coerced by our much speaking (compare Matt. 6:7-8 and Luke 18:1). Precisely because God is so gloriously rich and complex a being, we must draw out the lessons the biblical writers draw out, and no others."

- D.A. Carson
What The 2nd Amendment Means

I own a shotgun and I'm a Republican, but I'm not a big "gun guy." Regardless, I tend to bristle when I think about the types of restrictions that we could willingly shackle ourselves with in the name of safety and gun control.

I saw this clip the other day (courtesy of my wife's Facebook page), and thought it was pertinent to today's gun control conversation. The 2nd Amendment, I think, is not primarily about hunting or sporting uses of firearms. Just look at the context, the "right to bear arms" verbiage is sandwiched between phrases like "well-regulated militia" and, "No soldier, in time of peace ...".



A government is less inclined to turn on its citizens if that government knows its citizens will fire back with a vengeance. What's more, a foreign power is less inclined to invade a country whose citizens are armed to the teeth.

I don't know an easy answer, but I don't think a sensible answer is to minimize the intent of the 2nd Amendment.

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Comments on "What The 2nd Amendment Means":
1. Neo - 01/15/2013 8:24 am CST

The gun culture was big at a number of reformed Baptist churches that I used to attend, including a pastor who once jokingly mentioned members of the church having extensive collections of guns. I often wondered, not personally owning a gun, what sort of image that sent to a visiting non-believer, if it sent them away thinking, "behold, these were Christians by their love for one another... oh, and their firearms"

2. Karl - 01/15/2013 10:06 am CST

Like you Bird, I don't know of an easy answer. But the technology of weaponry has changed so much since the drafting of the second amendment that I wonder at the position taken by its staunch, no-compromise defenders. Do they really think their neighbor should be able to purchase any weapon in the arsenal of the US military? RPG's? Anti-aircraft missiles? Fully automatic weapons? Tanks? Helicopter gunships or fighter jets for the very super-rich? Should Bill Gates and his ilk be able to purchase small, tactical nukes to most effectively be able to protect themselves from their own government if need be? Because taken to its logical extent, isn't that right guaranteed by the second amendment? And as soon as we say "no" to any one or more of those types of "arms" then doesn't the question then become: "what restrictions on second amendment rights make sense?" rather than "should we ever restrict second amendment rights?"

Don't get me wrong - I don't think banning so-called assault weapons and limiting the size of clips will do anything to curb gun violence or mass shootings. I have little patience with most gun control advocates. But hard line 2nd Amendment folks frustrate me, too. Because it's not like the 1780's when enough muskets and some cannons made the local militia basically on equal firepower-footing with the army of the most powerful empire on the globe.

3. Bird - 01/15/2013 10:16 am CST

Hi, Karl. I think it's a rare individual who would think that the 2nd Amendment should allow for the stockpiling of such destructive weapons as you mentioned. So I'm not saying there should not be any restrictions on guns, I'm saying that the purpose of the 2nd Amendment was so that we could shoot shoot when threatened, no matter where the threat is coming from. It's a deterrent to government force, foreign invasion, and crime.

4. Karl - 01/15/2013 10:49 am CST

Right, Bird. The question then becomes "shoot when threatened - with what?" We've already agreed that we shouldn't allow private citizens to shoot back at the government with weapons as powerful as those owned by the government anymore (though that's EXACTLY what the founding fathers meant in the 2nd Amendment, isn't it?).

So I don't get all the outrage (not from you necessarily but from many of my friends who are staunch NRA types) when there is reasonable disagreement about exactly what weapons private citizens ought to be able to shoot back with, and under what circumstances, and how it ought to be regulated (background checks, waiting periods, etc.). Because unless one believes private citizens SHOULD be allowed to have those destructive weapons I mentioned, then we all agree there ought to be regulation. The disagreement is only about the details of the regulation. So my NRA type friends' outrage at the very notion of regulation seems a bit misplaced and every bit as illogical as some democratic sentators' apparent belief that limiting clip size and certain types of scary-looking gun stocks will impact violent crime.

5. Bird - 01/15/2013 10:58 am CST

The question then becomes "shoot when threatened - with what?"

With weapons meant to take life, liberty or property. I think guns are a natural deterrent, really, to government, to foreign powers, and to criminals. I remember talking to a friend who had formerly lived a life of crime (e.g. car theft, etc.). I asked him if he ever broke into people's homes. He said, "No way, that's when you end up with a shotgun blast in your chest." Obviously people still break into homes, but I thought it illustrated the point that simply the threat of being shot was enough to deter at least one criminal.

The disagreement is only about the details of the regulation. So my NRA type friends' outrage at the very notion of regulation seems a bit misplaced and every bit as illogical as some democratic sentators' apparent belief that limiting clip size and certain types of scary-looking gun stocks will impact violent crime.

Well said.

6. Karl - 01/15/2013 1:09 pm CST

I kind of feel like in America we've painted ourselves into a corner on the gun thing. You can't put the genie back in the bottle - even if there was agreement that doing so was desirable. There are just way too many guns out there and guns and the 2nd Amendment are way too ingrained in the fabric of the country.

But I'm ambivalent re. whether that is a good thing. I'm not sure that I'd feel safer if I knew every one of my neighbors (even the ones who get in screaming, door-slamming fights with their spouses or who throw loud drunken parties from time to time) had a concealed-carry permit, a glock and a .38 and a couple of AR's or AK's in their home. Or if I was in a theater or a church and knew that everyone around me was armed that would give me a different set of heebie-jeebies than I would get if I knew that nobody around me was armed, and then started worrying about a crazy person storming the theater or church with a gun.

To be honest I feel much safer from deadly violence walking the streets and neighborhoods of a country like Japan, the UK, or Australia (post-their sweeping gun reform) than I do in the US. But again - I don't see a way to get there from here. And I'm not sure we should, but really whether we should or shouldn't may be immaterial b/c I don't think we could even if we were convinced it was the right way to go (which I am not). I just know that as much as part of me wishes Suzanne Gratia-Hupp had been able to blow that mass shooter away, I don't exactly get the warm fuzzies from the NRA's "arm everyone to the teeth" answer to violent crime.

7. Shrode - 01/16/2013 12:12 am CST

Right around the same time as the Sandy Hook shooting, a guy in San Antonio tried the same thing at a movie theater. He was stopped. Shot by an armed security guard at a neighboring business.

We didn't hear that story in the media did we?

LaPierre is right. The only thing that stops a bad guy with a gun is a good guy with a gun.

And by the way, if we can't keep illegal drugs out of the hands of anyone who wants one, what in the world makes us think we can keep guns out of the hands of anyone that wants one.

Karl, I think you have a good point about us having arms = to the gov't. I think Bird is right about the intent of the constitution.

The typical american does not have = footing, like the founding fathers probably had in mind originally.

In the day when the constitution, a gun was a gun. And the gun you had in your home to hunt and defend your property and family, was the same gun the soldier had. Not anymore.

However the original version of this comment, said that fully automatic weapons are illegal. I was wrong. You can have a fully automatic weapon. But you have to go through a federal background check, and I think some other hoops... I don't know all the details yet, but I intend to find out...

8. Shrode - 01/16/2013 12:15 am CST

http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-201_162-57559506/shots-fired-patrons-panic-at-san-antonio-theater/

9. Shrode - 01/16/2013 12:25 am CST

Update:

Federal Firearms Regulations

It has been unlawful since 1934 (The National Firearms Act) for civilians to own machine guns without special permission from the U.S. Treasury Department. Machine guns are subject to a $200 tax every time their ownership changes from one federally registered owner to another, and each new weapon is subject to a manufacturing tax when it is made, and it must be registered with the Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms and Explosives (ATF) in its National Firearms Registry.

To become a registered owner, a complete FBI background investigation is conducted, checking for any criminal history or tendencies toward violence, and an application must be submitted to the ATF including two sets of fingerprints, a recent photo, a sworn affidavit that transfer of the NFA firearm is of "reasonable necessity," and that sale to and possession of the weapon by the applicant "would be consistent with public safety." The application form also requires the signature of a chief law enforcement officer with jurisdiction in the applicant's residence.

Since the Firearms Owners' Protection Act of May 19, 1986, ownership of newly manufactured machine guns has been prohibited to civilians. Machine guns which were manufactured prior to the Act's passage are regulated under the National Firearms Act, but those manufactured after the ban cannot ordinarily be sold to or owned by civilians.

(Sources: talk.politics.guns FAQ, part 2, "FAQ on National Firearms Act Weapons", and from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms,and Explosives (ATF) National Firearms Act FAQ. See also, "The Firearms Owners' Protection Act: A Historical and Legal Perspective" [Hardy, 1986]) )

Twenty-five states have no further restrictions on civilian ownership of machine guns (some require registration with the state) than what is required by federal law. Other states have either placed further restrictions or outlawed operable machine guns to civilians entirely. For further details see NRA state firearm law summaries.


Source

10. Shrode - 01/16/2013 12:35 am CST

OK, so it's not technically illegal, but according to current federal law, you do not have the "right" to own a fully automatic weapon. You have to demonstrate that you have a need to have one. AND even if you do that, you are still not allowed to buy a new one.

I wonder why these two Federal acts (1934 & 1986) aren't being held up as a model by gun control advocates. They could say, "see it works. Bad guys don't have fully automatic weapons."

11. Shrode - 01/16/2013 12:39 am CST

With those two Federal acts (1934&1986) they effectively wiped out at least part of the intent of the"right to keep and bear arms" provision of the constitution.

12. Shrode - 01/16/2013 1:45 am CST

BTW, it was this lady's testimony and the Luby's incident she survived that led to the concealed handgun law that Texas now has. (You can carry a concealed handgun in Texas if you are licensed.)

13. Karl - 01/16/2013 10:32 am CST

I have several friends who are avid gun collectors, target shooting enthusiasts etc. According to them fully automatic weapons aren't available or in their everyday parlance such weapons "are illegal." These guys would know because if there was any way to legally own a fully automatic weapon, I'm pretty sure they would. My guess is that it's highly unlikely a private citizen could meet the criteria necessary to show the "need to have" an automatic weapon, thus making fully automatic weapons "illegal" for all or nearly all private citizens.

Shrode and/or Bird, do you interpret the right to bear "arms" to mean only firearms i.e. guns? Or do you interpret it to mean weapons more broadly? I think (but have no proof) that the original intent of the second amendment was more broad than just saying everyone can have a musket and that any of the then-current weapons of warfare were included in its protection. But we are SO FAR from that now . . . and most of us are GLAD that our neighbor (or Donald Trump, Bill Gates, Phil Knight or whoever) can't purchase a tactical nuke, a bunker buster bomb or even a fully armed and operational tank, an RPG, shoulder-launched antiaircraft missile or the like.

So we are back to the question of what limitations on second amendment rights make sense and strike the right balance, rather than discussing whether second amendment rights should be limited at all. What do you think the limitations should be?

What is it that statistics show about guns in the home - that a gun in the home is 40 or 50 times more likely to shoot someone in that home than it is to shoot an intruder? Something like that, anyway. I don't think it's realistic to get legally-purchased and owned guns out of American homes. I'm not even sure it's desirable. But the rate of gun deaths in America compared to most of the rest of the civilized world ought to give us at least some measure of pause, shouldn't it? Do you really feel safer if you think "probably 90 per cent of the people in this mall are packing heat"? I know lots of people who wouldn't be disqualified by a background check but who cause me to get the cold sweats when I think about them carrying around a concealed weapon.

14. Bird - 01/16/2013 10:46 am CST

Shrode and/or Bird, do you interpret the right to bear "arms" to mean only firearms i.e. guns?

I take it to mean personal weapons in general.

Do you really feel safer if you think "probably 90 per cent of the people in this mall are packing heat"?

No. But I can't say it's about how I "feel" per se, but about the reality of the deterrent to criminals. If a criminal doesn't know who is armed, he may think twice. If the criminal is a maniac anyway and doesn't care about dying, the presence of a few pistols in the hands of good guys would be welcome if I were in that situation.

15. Karl - 01/16/2013 10:59 am CST

Why personal weapons only Bird, and what's the difference? What's included in personal weapons?

With the right to keep and bear arms being linked in the text of the amendment to the idea that a "well regulated militia" is "necessary to the security of a free state" doesn't that imply pretty much any weapon that a militia might need or use in order to keep a free state secure - not just personal weapons?

16. Bird - 01/16/2013 12:27 pm CST

Why personal weapons only Bird, and what's the difference? What's included in personal weapons?

Why personal weapons? Because that's my interpretation of what "arms" means in that instance. I don't think the intent, at the time, was so that your average Joe Colonist could stockpile cannons.

17. Roy - 01/16/2013 10:08 pm CST

1. As Schrode noted (9), fully automatic weapons (which is what most picture when hearing 'assault weapon') for over half a century have been against the law for any but carefully, expensively screened folks.

Turning, then, to one trigger squeeze, one shot weapons:

2. Beyond debate, 2nd Amend not about hunting bears, nor even about defending oneself against robbers or rapists. It's about restraining gov't. Too much evidence from guys who wrote the 2nd Amend, the historical context, even its very wording to think otherwise.

3. Ponder: a) history, where gov't successfully disarmed. populace. What happened every single time? b) words of guys like A Solzhenitzen (spelling?), whose words from Gulag Archipelego (spelling?) one may google and read, where he ponders what would have happened had population resisted rather than acquiesced and died.

OK, then, so what? I mean, after all,
4. How can a pistol or rifle stop a tank or fighter jet? Seems like argument over, eh? Nope. While neither can stop the tank or the jet, either can stop the driver or pilot. Who must at some time be outside their machine. And, more importantly, either can stop (read "keep honest") politcos. If you think this a joke, recall how the Allies dropped single shot pistols to the European resistance, knowing they could significantly hinder the German Army. (Read one of the most powerful brief novels ever written, Steinbeck's "The Moon is Down".)

5. Obama's concern has absolutely nothing to do with, say, safety. He favors, recall, the murder of just born children, where the abortion, uh, failed. (The man is wicked. Evil.) He does not even care if his Executive Orders don't get anywhere. His whole concern focuses on polarizing his opponents, putting them in a position where he can mock them. And he may get away with that if they wont call his bluff and point out his evil.

Time to impeach this treasonous president.

18. Tony - 01/17/2013 6:02 am CST

Roy, on your point #1. This is what frustrates me about the whole thing. An assault weapons ban is basically a legislator looking through a gun catalog and picking out what he/she thinks looks like an assault weapon. Like you stated, fully automatic weapons are pretty much illegal, so all the 'scary' looking assault weapons on sale to the public are semi-automatic. The next step is to just ban all semi-automatics - it would be easier but I believe this is what many gun enthusiasts and even the average citizen is concerned about. That is why legislators start to go down the road of magazine capacity, because an assault weapons ban is not effective to stopping anything. You can buy other rifles that look plain with the same capabilities as their 'assault' counterparts.

19. Tony - 01/17/2013 6:37 am CST

I just read up on Obama's executive orders that he announced yesterday. Thinklings: you have all sorts of posting opportunities on this story. The politics are 'dripping' with Obama's executive orders yesterday. Obama surrounding himself with children - does anyone with over an 80 IQ buy into this? Or rather do you see that if the House or the Senate doesn't pass his executives orders, then he can say that they don't like children - or some variant.

Taking political advantage of an emotional incident with the Sandy Hook shooting - is very distasteful in my opinion.

Does anyone remember 'fast and furious' where our government essentially handed out weapons to criminals? I'm just checking ;)

20. Karl - 01/17/2013 12:40 pm CST

Didn't the Branch Davidian seige/fire in Waco show what would happen if a bunch of gun toting civilians really wants to call the bluff of the federal government?

I'm sure that a similar situation today would be handled at least a little differently with hopes of avoiding such a catastrophic death toll. But in terms of the futility of taking on military weaponry with semiautomatic weapons, didn't that conflict kind of prove the point?

Where is Jesus Christ in all this debate (by and among Christians, at least)? We will follow the example of Jesus, who encouraged Peter to swing a sword at the people who came to arrest him . . . uh, we will follow the words of Jesus who said "speak softly and carry a big stick" (what passage is that again?) . . . we will follow the commands of our Lord, who said "turn the other cheek AFTER you've amassed enough weaponry to reach "mutually assured destruction" status . . . I mean, the Savior who said to render to Ceasar what is Ceasar's unless Ceasar demands more than you think is fair . . . who said, submit to authority except in cases when you think it'd be better to blow authority away with your AR . . .

I'm not even a pacifist, I don't want all guns taken away and I think the proposed gun control legislation is pointless and ineffective (see this article for a great discussion of why it's so pointless and ineffective):

http://kontradictions.wordpress.com/2012/08/09/why-not-renew-the-assault-weapons-ban-well-ill-tell-you/

But the seeming assumption by many of my Christian friends that the NRA's position is obviously the Christian position, and who don't seem to experience any dissonance when discussing blowing away police or national guardsmen who might take action they disagree with (such as confiscate guns they bought and think they should be allowed to keep), does make me scratch my head.

21. Bird - 01/17/2013 12:59 pm CST

Didn't the Branch Davidian seige/fire in Waco show what would happen if a bunch of gun toting civilians really wants to call the bluff of the federal government?

That was a rebellion by a cult. Don't see the similarity.

Where is Jesus Christ in all this debate (by and among Christians, at least)? We will follow the example of Jesus, who encouraged Peter to swing a sword at the people who came to arrest him . . .

Not sure what this question means. If Jesus is with us, as I believe He is with me, then He's right there as I make plans to defend my family, with a "sword" if necessary.

I'm not a pacifist either, and since your'e not, Karl, I don't see any need to offer a point by point rebuttal of many of the pacifist type arguments you used.

22. Bird - 01/17/2013 1:01 pm CST

But the seeming assumption by many of my Christian friends that the NRA's position is obviously the Christian position,

I feel your pain there. Same goes for Christians who see the Republican Party as "the Christian party."

23. Jared - 01/17/2013 4:06 pm CST

Vermont has some of the laxest gun laws in the nation. You can wear a sidearm, openly, on your person in most public places. Saw a guy shopping for meat the local Price Chopper once with a pistol in a holster. He was not a uniformed officer.

Vermont also has one of the lowest crime rates in the nation.

Of course, we also have a sparse population, not too much overcrowding, etc, and only a burgeoning drug problem, not an epidemic one quite yet.

24. Karl - 01/18/2013 8:57 pm CST

"That was a rebellion by a cult. Don't see the similarity."

The premise seemed to be that if civilians have guns and show they will fire back with a vengeance, then the Federal government will think twice before taking them on. Whether it's a group of cult members or a bunch of self-proclaimed patriot militia members in Wyoming, or some legitimately oppressed and wronged citizens who decide to take a stand against government action, my point was that citizens willing to fire back with a vengeance using guns won't deter the Feds if they decide those citizens need to be arrested. All firing back with a vengeance will do in this day and age of modern warfare and tactical weaponry, is pretty much guarantee the death of the civilians. Do these people really think they stand a chance with their gun collection against Seal Team Six - or even their local National Guard unit and its weaponry? The Branch Davidians were just kind of my "Exhibit A" for what would happen to a group of citizens armed to the teeth with guns and willing to fire back with a vengeance if the Feds decide they need to be dealt with.

On the pacifist thing, it seems like there's a lot of ground we could cover between pacifism, and the stuff I see from some of my Christian friends on Facebook who proudly proclaim that if the Feds outlaw their guns and come to take them, then there will be some dead policemen or ATF agents outside their house.

Seriously - from the viewpoint of Christian ethics is killing another human being justified if they are law enforcement agents trying to take your gun away or enforce some other wrong-headed federal law? At what point do you think Jesus would endorse Christians shooting policemen or federal agents? I don't mean a rogue policeman doing independent bad acts - I'm not talking here about guns used for self defense from violent crime as that's a separate discussion. I'm talking about the 2nd Amendment's original rationale and its applicability today - at what point should it be ok for a Christian to shoot a cop because the cop is enforcing an "unjust" or "unconstitutional" law? I personally think the "pacifist type arguments" that I used fail to carry the day for what I'd call absolute pacifism (the belief that no war can be just, that violence shouldn't be used even in defense of self or others, etc.) But I think those arguments - or maybe we should call them those passages of scripture - do bear at least somewhat on how and when Christians should be ready to whip out a gun and kill a policeman or agent of their country's government. Just because pacifists cite those passages and we think pacifism is incorrect doesn't have to mean the passages have no bearing on this issue.

25. Tony - 01/21/2013 8:48 pm CST

Karl, you left the thinklings speechless ;)

You bring up some good points. I suspect that when it comes down to it, many Christians wouldn't be able to pull the trigger and kill someone. I suppose it depends on the situation.

Your example of shooting a cop or FBI agent or standing up against a seal six team; they all imply that there is civil order still. Couldn't there be a situation where our government becomes so oppressive that many of those institutions would rebel against their masters? Do you think a cop is going to arrest his family, neighbors because his superiors say so. Or a person in the Army is going to obey some Generals orders to drop a bomb on an American town. I just think about those situations more in relation to the 2nd amendment than a branch Davidian situation. I think because of the 2nd Amendment, there is no way for our government to 'overly' cause harm to it's citizens.

Of course this probably comes down to worldview: Christians who believe in God - we are all sinners and it is not beyond those who rule even in our country to have the potential of being oppressive vs. those who think we are evolving to the "next level" and the advancement of our society has the inability to take 2 steps backwards.

26. Karl - 01/22/2013 10:11 am CST

Tony, I'm not sure I see how the 2nd amendment would have an impact on either of the situations you reference. A policeman or an army officer/enlisted man deciding not to follow an immoral order could simply not obey the orders of their superior and either suffer the consequences or go on the run. If needed in the moment, both of them would probably possess or have access to police- or military-issued weapons.

Also, if a complete breakdown of civil order occurred or if there was a widespread revolt against the government I still think whoever has access to the tanks, rpg's, Apache helicopters, etc. is ultimately going to win. Not the possessors of Glocks and AR's. The idea that a bunch of citizens could get their AR's and storm a government arms depot, steal a few of the right kind of weapons and take on the US Military might make for a cool novel, movie or tv series. But it's so far from reality that I have trouble connecting such a thread-thin theoretical possibility to the second amendment right to own a musket and keep canon on the village green.

I believe it's impractical to talk about taking away from US citizens tens or hundreds of thousands of privately owned guns that were acquired legally. And even if it was doable I don't know that it would be a good idea. Like I said elsewhere in the thread, that genie is already out of the bottle. But what I can't go along with is the hard line 2nd amendment argument saying that any gun regulation beyond the [significant] gun regulation that we already have, is so terribly unconstitutional - or trying to make the argument that the "well-regulated militia . . . necessary to the security of a free state" rationale behind the 2nd Amendment applies today in any meaningful way given the evolution of warfare and modern weaponry.

I think there are more worldview options available than the 2 at the end of your comment, and also that even among people who would agree 100% with the first worldview option you outline, that it's perfectly possible to still draw different conclusions re. gun control and the 2nd amendment's modern applicability. i.e. reasonable minds can differ, even if they agree on the sinfulness of fallen humanity.

27. Bird - 01/22/2013 12:29 pm CST

All firing back with a vengeance will do in this day and age of modern warfare and tactical weaponry, is pretty much guarantee the death of the civilians.

I think it's about checks and balances. Having a citizenry with untold number of weapons puts a check on the federal government. The idea isn't that any group of crackpots should be able to shoot federal agents if they feel their rights are being violated, the idea is that citizens en masse are armed and willing to fight if necessary.

But I think those arguments - or maybe we should call them those passages of scripture - do bear at least somewhat on how and when Christians should be ready to whip out a gun and kill a policeman or agent of their country's government.

Agreed. Again, I don't think it's about one citizen, or group of citizens, blowing away federal agents for the sake of standing up against a bad law.

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